Your cat’s treatment will depend on the underlying cause of her bad breath. Therefore, the first step is a physical exam by a veterinarian. Your veterinarian will closely evaluate your cat’s oral health, looking for signs of dental disease, such as plaque, tartar, gingivitis, and periodontal disease. Your veterinarian may also recommend blood tests or other …Developer: Akita Limited Liabil…On Chewy, the Frisco 72-Inch Cat Tree has over 12,464 customer reviews and an overall rating of 4.8 out of 5 stars. Positive customer reviews mention detailed assembly instructions, sturdy construction, and long-lasting durability. One of the limitations of Frisco cat trees is that replacement parts are not available.Oct 21, 2021 · Symptoms of Cat Colds. Cats with colds may have symptoms including coughing, sneezing, discharge from the eyes or nose, lethargy, and sometimes fever. For many cats, these symptoms are will go away on their own in about 7-10 days. However, some cats may experience complications, such as a secondary bacterial infection or pneumonia. Cat sneezing in conjunction with other signs is common. But it doesn’t always help veterinarians narrow down the cause. A cat sneezing and coughing typically means that it’s primarily an upper respiratory process with postnasal drip irritating the throat. A cat sneezing and wheezing can suggest concurrent lower respiratory disease.Does anyone else find that getting the kids ready and out the door, for school, each and every weekday morning is similar to herding cats? Weekdays around 7:00 A.M everyone... Edit...From a safety perspective, a gabapentin dosage for cats will typically not exceed 50-100mg per cat to address pain or when being used as a sedative. As a sedative, it is often given a couple of hours prior to an …How to Safely Keep Cats Away From Plants. 1. Use Citrus. Cats dislike the smell of citrus, so peels can be an effective deterrent. This is a great natural way of deterring your cat. Cats usually hate the smell of citrus. Try leaving lemon or orange peels around the base of your plant or around the top of your plant pot.Making some changes to your cat’s lifestyle can greatly reduce her chances of becoming constipated again. To keep things moving, you will want to keep your cat well-hydrated, make sure she’s eating enough fiber, prevent hairballs, keep your cat at a good weight, and encourage exercise. 1. Increase Hydration.MVZ (Veterinarian) Learn more » Click to Skip Ahead. Size & Weight. Face Shape. Ears & Eyes. Coat & Patterns. Tail. Behavior. Determining Your Cat’s Breed. …Jul 25, 2023 · Signs that your cat is in heat include: Excessive and/or loud vocalization (howling, yowling, and meowing) Rolling on the floor and sticking her hindquarters up in the air. Attention seeking (asking for lots of touching and petting) Indoor cats trying to escape the house. Agitation or pacing. Jul 31, 2023 · With advancements in medical care, improved nutrition, and the evolving bond between humans and cats, beloved feline companions are living longer than ever. “The average lifespan of a cat is about 12 to 15 years. On average, purebred cats live about 12.5 years and crossbred cats live a bit longer, about 14 years,” Gardner explains. My whole life, I have been desperate for a pet cat. My mother was a vet and instilled an adoration of animals in me very young, and as a very shy child, I very much …The average lifespan for calico cats is the same as the average lifespan of cats in general, which is between 10 and 15 years. Cats that live outdoors have a lower average lifespan...Mar 28, 2023 · cat + torbie + bob tail + friendly + short legs + medium fur. Cats, in my opinion, are a little bit more challenging to identify than dog breeds. But here are some traits that can help you determine what your cat is made of: Behavior. Body type. Face and ear shape. Vocality. Yes, you should clean your cat’s teeth. Just because human toothpastes are not safe for cats it does not mean you do not need to take care of your cat’s oral hygiene. Just like humans, cats are prone to dental issues like gingivitis, periodontitis and cavity. Regular brushing (every day or at least twice per week) and maintaining a good ...1:01. The comedy troupe Danger Cats saw protests at their show in downtown Vancouver on Sunday after a previous cancellation at another Metro Vancouver venue …Symptoms of Ringworm in Cats. Clinical signs associated with ringworm are areas of hair loss (alopecia), as well as crusty, scabby areas, increased skin scales (like dandruff) and a variable level of inflammation (a form of dermatitis, with redness, soreness and itchiness). Sometimes, distinct focal patches of alopecia are seen (the classic ...Keep flowerbeds watered, as some cats don't like wet earth. Shoo them away by shouting or clapping. Install an automatic spray that detects movement. Make it difficult to enter the garden with high, close-boarded fences. Ask the owner if the cat is neutered and ask them to ensure there's a suitable toilet area in their own garden.How do I calculate my cat's age? To calculate cat age: If the cat is * 6 years old or more: Subtract 6 from its age in years. Multiply the result by 4. Add 40 years to the result to get your cat's human age. If the cat is less than 6 years old: Multiply your cat's age by 19.How do I calculate my cat's age? To calculate cat age: If the cat is * 6 years old or more: Subtract 6 from its age in years. Multiply the result by 4. Add 40 years to the result to get your cat's human age. If the cat is less than 6 years old: Multiply your cat's age by 19.My CatScan™ is a comprehensive genetic screen. Understand your cat's health for a lifetime. Or should we say, nine lifetimes.1. Corneal Ulcers. A condition that could affect your cat’s eyes and change the way they look is corneal ulcers. To be more specific ulcers affect the cornea, the glistening and transparent membrane that make up the surface of the feline eyeball, and can make it appear cloudy or milky and red.May 26, 2023 · A cat with ears flattened back against their head typically feels afraid, anxious, or annoyed. Growling, hissing, or spitting. These vocal behaviours suggest annoyance, anger, and fear. An arched back. Cats often try to appear larger by raising their back when feeling threatened. Constricted pupils. 1ere Année Med VETERINAIRE S2 2023-24 1ere année Ingenieur Agro_S2-2023-24 EDT L2Agro L2Alim S2 EDT L3 AGRO S2 2023-24 EDT MASTERS S2 2023-24There are several ways to keep your cat from jumping on counters, including providing elevated platforms for them to use instead. In addition to hiding or running away, some behaviors can indicate your kitty isn’t feeling too happy about a situation: Tense muscles. Flat or rotated ears. Flicking tail.Keep flowerbeds watered, as some cats don't like wet earth. Shoo them away by shouting or clapping. Install an automatic spray that detects movement. Make it difficult to enter the garden with high, close-boarded fences. Ask the owner if the cat is neutered and ask them to ensure there's a suitable toilet area in their own garden.Jan 18, 2024 · One of the best ways to determine your cat’s age is by checking their teeth. Their baby teeth emerge between 2 to 4 weeks, and their permanent teeth begin to develop above the baby teeth when ... Feb 1, 2024 · Ages for a typical kitten primary vaccine course: 8 weeks. 12 weeks. 16 weeks. Primary vaccines in kittens include their core vaccines, feline leukemia, and potentially rabies, depending on where ... Swab Type: Soft Cotton Swab Processing Time: 4-6 Weeks (My sample took 7 weeks) Breeds: 21 Breed Types, 4 Regions; Health Markers: 64 Markers Tested + Dental Report Traits: 50 Markers Tested Price: $99.99 Recently purchased by the world’s largest animal healthcare company, Zoetis, Basepaws is a leader in cat genetic research and …On Chewy, the Frisco 72-Inch Cat Tree has over 12,464 customer reviews and an overall rating of 4.8 out of 5 stars. Positive customer reviews mention detailed assembly instructions, sturdy construction, and long-lasting durability. One of the limitations of Frisco cat trees is that replacement parts are not available.Quick Overview. 01. Cats like plastic for many reasons—for playing with, for its taste and texture, or due to a health concern. 02. Playing with, licking, and eating plastic can all be dangerous for cats. 03. Limit your cat's risk by reducing access, distracting them, and providing safe alternatives.Dear Amy: My friend’s cat has been missing for two weeks. I have been supportive in helping her try to find the cat. I also feel her pain. I have always had cats, …Of course, given the mercurial nature of cats, a better question might be, “will my cat eat eggs?” Only your cat can answer that one. Are Eggs Good for Cats? Yes. Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning their diet consists primarily of meat protein. Egg whites contain an abundance of protein, while the yolk is a great source for healthy fats.01. Cats are extremely sensitive animals and have very close bonds with their owners. 02. They can small chemical changes in humans and recognize changes in body language and facial expression. …Animax for Cats: Dosage, Safety & Side Effects. Animax is a brand name for a prescription topical ointment made by Dechra containing the drugs nystatin, neomycin sulfate, thiostrepton, and triamcinolone acetonide. Other …Ear mites (otodectic mange) are caused by Otodectes cynotis mites. These mites often infest the external ear, causing inflammation of the ear canal. Although ear mange occurs in dogs, it is especially common in cats. Ear mites are usually found deep in the external ear canal, but they are sometimes seen on the body.Common causes of diarrhea, all types, can include: Dietary indiscretion (the cat ate something that caused diarrhea, like garbage or spoiled food) Ingredient sensitivity (most common ingredient sensitivities in cats include chicken, beef, eggs, dairy, and soy) Metabolic and hormonal diseases, like addison’s disease, hyperthyroidism in older ...There are also collective nouns to describe groups of other types of cats.Quick Overview: Epilepsy In Cats. Other Names: Epileptic Seizures in Cats. Common Symptoms: Loss of consciousness, muscle contractions, involuntary urination, defecation, and drooling; pacing, irritability, loss of focus and recognition. Diagnosis: Only use of an electroencephalogram (EEG) at the time of a seizure can definitively diagnose one.Quick Overview. 01. Cats that are not neutered and go outdoors or are around male cats that have not been neutered have a high chance of becoming pregnant. 02. Cats begin to show signs of pregnancy around the three-week mark, with signs becoming more pronounced as the pregnancy progresses. 03.Apr 17, 2023 · Making some changes to your cat’s lifestyle can greatly reduce her chances of becoming constipated again. To keep things moving, you will want to keep your cat well-hydrated, make sure she’s eating enough fiber, prevent hairballs, keep your cat at a good weight, and encourage exercise. 1. Increase Hydration. Osteoarthritis is the most common cause of back leg stiffness in cats aged 10+. Cats can also develop weak and wobbly legs due to injury/trauma or falling from a height. Diabetes, organ failure, and neurological problems can cause the gradual weakening of …Restraining an injured cat is a great technique to learn to help your pet. Learn the best ways to restrain an injured cat in any mood. Advertisement Restraining an injured cat is a...Well they're part of my family now, and as much as they drive me mad and annoy me and I swear they deliberately try to aggravate me sometimes; they are also ...Quick Overview. 01. Cats like plastic for many reasons—for playing with, for its taste and texture, or due to a health concern. 02. Playing with, licking, and eating plastic can all be dangerous for cats. 03. Limit your cat's risk by reducing access, distracting them, and providing safe alternatives.Apr 21, 2012 · 5 min read. An alarming number of cats are developing diabetes mellitus, which is the inability to produce enough insulin to balance blood sugar, or glucose, levels. Left untreated, it can lead to ... Feb 1, 2024 · Ages for a typical kitten primary vaccine course: 8 weeks. 12 weeks. 16 weeks. Primary vaccines in kittens include their core vaccines, feline leukemia, and potentially rabies, depending on where ... Chronic inflammation has been hypothesized as a cause of GI lymphoma in cats. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a syndrome rather than a disease. The syndrome is caused by a specific reaction to chronic irritation of the stomach or intestines. Inflammation is the body's response to an insult, injury or foreign substance. Abbas Zoeb was separated from his two cats, Mimi and Bubba, for more than 15 hours when they were wrongly dispatched after he was denied boarding. Jump to Abbas Zoeb had checked in...Best fish video for cats. The Boredom Blasting Fish Video for Cats premiered on YouTube back in April 2019 and has since clocked up an impressive 206,492 views, figures many a budding influencer would trade a limb for. With a two hour run time, the video features a selection of koi and discus fish paired with a relaxing ambient soundtrack.Jan 3, 2024 · With just one protein, Koha Limited Diet wet foods are a good match for cats with digestive problems or food sensitivities. They boast a high moisture content and up to 96% real meat for your little carnivore. Koha’s Limited Ingredient Duck Pâté is made with a single meat source, making it easier to digest. Feb 19, 2024 · 2. Bacterial Infections. Bacterial infections almost always play a secondary role in upper respiratory symptoms in cats. If you see yellow or green snot emerging from your sneezing cat’s nose or eyes, this abnormally colored discharge is a sign of a bacterial infection. Quick Overview: Hair Loss In Cats. Common Symptoms: Excessive shedding, itching, frequent grooming, decreased appetite, weight loss, painful cracks on the bottom pads of the feet. Diagnosis: Ruling out other causes of hair loss itching, etc. Finding an underlying internal cancer through testing that may be connected.Cats are beloved family members, and it’s important to be able to recognize when they are feeling unwell. Knowing the signs of common cat illnesses can help you get your pet the ca...Feb 28, 2024 · While there hasn’t been much research done on cats, it appears that CBD lowers anxiety, increases appetite, manages pain, and can reduce nausea in some kitties, making it a great option for pet ... Ways a Cat Can Lose Their Voice. An upper respiratory viral infection can cause laryngitis, similar to humans with colds. The swelling in the throat causes a temporary change or loss of their voice. Benign polyps occur most commonly in the back of the mouth (nasopharynx) in cats. Occasionally, they occur on the larynx, where they cause the …1. Protein. Protein is an important source of energy and amino acids for the cat, and -as discussed- cats should get most of their protein from meat sources. According to AAFCO, which sets out the standards for pet foods in the US, adult cats should be fed a diet that is 26% protein as a minimum, on a dry matter basis.A cat with ears flattened back against their head typically feels afraid, anxious, or annoyed. Growling, hissing, or spitting. These vocal behaviours suggest annoyance, anger, and fear. An arched back. Cats often try to appear larger by raising their back when feeling threatened. Constricted pupils.Whiskas cat food is one of the cheapest brands on the market. Their wet foods cost about $0.07 per ounce or roughly $0.63 per day for the average 10-lb cat. Whiskas dry cat food costs half as much per ounce and, if you’re feeding the same 10-lb cat, it would cost about $0.08 per day.6. Dental Issues. Dental issues are common in cats and can impact how they eat. Gingivitis, stomatitis, mouth ulcers, periodontal disease, or tooth infections are some of the dental issues that ...11:08. So many cute kittens videos compilation 2023. Funny Videos. 45M views 6 years ago. 3:01. Kittens fighting - mother cat punishes her kittens. Funny Kittens …Quick Overview. 01. Cats like plastic for many reasons—for playing with, for its taste and texture, or due to a health concern. 02. Playing with, licking, and eating plastic can all be dangerous for cats. 03. Limit your cat's risk by reducing access, distracting them, and providing safe alternatives.Size of your cat. When it comes to size, medium cats (between 9 to 15 pounds) are the …15 - 29.9. Normal weight. 30 - 42. Overweight. 42. Obese. To clarify it more, let's use an example. If we consider a cat with a rib cage circumference of 14 inches and a lower back leg of 2 inches, its FBMI is 44.4. Now, if we can change the FBMI value to 29 in the calculator, which is in the healthy weight range, the tool will show us that the ...Symptoms of Mange in Cats. Itchiness is the primary symptom of mange in cats, along with skin redness, hair loss, dandruff, and more. Symptoms may also vary depending on the type and cause of the mange. Mange, by definition, causes pruritus (itchiness), with reddened skin and loss of hair in affected areas. Often there is dandruff-like scaling ...Yes, cats can safely eat raw meat. However, when it comes to ground beef, the meat needs to be fully cooked. Raw diets, or even diets that include a small amount of raw meat, are one place where it can be hard to tell if this is a good and healthy option for your cat. Wild cats certainly don’t roast their prey over a fire before eating, so ...The recommended dosage of Benadryl for cats is 1 milligram per pound of body weight. In more practical terms, the average 10-pound cat would need one-half of the regular 25 mg tablet or 4 ml of over-the-counter liquid Benadryl (the liquid form contains 12.5mg per 5ml). If you purchase liquid or children’s Benadryl, ensure that …Additionally, the dosage of Dramamine for cats is different from that for humans. The appropriate dosage will depend on your cat's weight and overall health. Giving your cat an incorrect dosage can lead to serious side effects, including sedation, lethargy, and changes in heart rate or blood pressure. Therefore, it is essential to consult with ...Oct 12, 2022 ... Get a cat, they said. It'll be fun, they said. | house cat.Developer: Akita Limited Liabil…Symptoms of Gingivitis in Cats. Signs of gingivitis in cats include bad breath, difficulty eating, mouth pain, and poor grooming. Clinical signs of gingivitis include halitosis (bad breath), difficulty eating (dysphagia), pawing at the mouth, reduced appetite, drooling, bleeding from the mouth, oral pain (e.g. when the mouth is examined ...Dec 8, 2021 · How do I love my cats? Let me count the ways. The clean snap of three-year-old Larry’s jaw as he contemplates me with detached curiosity is my favourite sound in the world. I love the tenor and ... Is your cat soothing, or worsening symptoms of anxiety and depression. You know best, but here's what research says. Research suggests cat ownership aids — and hinders — anxiety an...Apr 21, 2012 · 5 min read. An alarming number of cats are developing diabetes mellitus, which is the inability to produce enough insulin to balance blood sugar, or glucose, levels. Left untreated, it can lead to ... Body language, such as crouching positions, tail tucked, ears held back. Litter box misuse or spraying in unusual areas around the home. Withdrawn behavior, no more head bumping or kneading your lap. Weight loss or gain. Loss of appetite or disinterest in …Jan 5, 2016 ... We move the cat food near the new hole in the bathtub. We add a can of tuna and some bonita flakes. It smells super fishy. The cat should be ...On and around the anus. Attached to the fur around the anal area and under the tail. In/on the feces in the litter box. Lungworm infestations can cause: Coughing. Difficulty breathing. Pneumonia as the infestation worsens and symptoms progress. Heartworm disease in cats can cause: Coughing.Pets worldwide, including cats and dogs, have been infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, mostly after close contact with people with COVID-19. The risk of pets spreading COVID-19 to people is low. Do not put masks on pets; masks could harm your pet. Do not wipe or bathe your pet with chemical disinfectants, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide ...Written by Sandy Eckstein. 5 min read. An alarming number of cats are developing diabetes mellitus, which is the inability to produce enough insulin to balance blood sugar, or glucose, levels ...May 6, 2023 · 01. Monitoring cats for signs of deteriorating health can help pet owners know when to intervene. 02. Physical signs that a cat is dying can include lethargy, weakness, incontinence, lack of appetite and weight loss, breathing difficulties, and a drop in body temperature. 03. Obesity shortens a cat’s life and makes them more likely to develop diseases. Even being moderately overweight reduces a cat’s life expectancy. A 2.8-fold increase in mortality has been shown in obese cats (8-12 years old) compared to lean cats. A large, lifetime study of Labrador retrievers found that a moderately overweight group of dogs ...Well they're part of my family now, and as much as they drive me mad and annoy me and I swear they deliberately try to aggravate me sometimes; they are also ...Cats should always be provided with cooked fish to minimise the risk of salmonella poisoning. Cooked fish is safe for cats and is a great source of protein in a feline’s diet, as it contains a vital source of amino acids which helps to maintain a healthy coat. Cats can also eat other variants of seafood, such as cooked prawns.Sxhrpl said: "My cat smells like warm toasty marshmallow fluff cloud pillow laundry baby powder caramel." Another user, Jesusgloryhole wrote: "My childhood cat … Use this to find out exactly which stages to clear with the least amount of energy and time →. Compare all cats from The Battle Cats with My Gamatoto. From ubers to crazed and more, check out all their stats including range, damage, and abilities. Find out which are the best cats today! Nov 13, 2023 ... MeowTalk claims to work by using machine learning and artificial intelligence to decode cats' individual vocalizations, from straightforward ( ...Sep 12, 2023 · Grieving. When we lose a precious companion, we grieve their loss. Turns out cats do the same. Cats might not show their grief the same way, but the loss of their companion can make them show signs of depression, such as withdrawal, a change in appetite, overgrooming, changing sleep patterns, and more. Cats will beg for food just as often as dogs, but they don’t need to eat as much per meal or as frequently in most cases. In fact, many cat owners wonder just how frequently they s...
Various causes include: Infections with bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa (i.e. Toxoplasma gondii), fungi or mycobacterium. Aspiration, which happens when your cat accidentally breathes in vomit or stomach fluid, usually occurring with severe episodes of vomiting or anesthesia/sedation.. Things 3 app
Symptoms of Ear Discharge in Cats. Ear discharge may be brown, green, or yellow. This type of discharge is commonly referred to as “ear wax”. When an owner examines their cat’s ears, there should normally be a clean, dry skin surface, and when the ear canal itself is checked, the lining should be clean and empty, with no liquid or solid ...Oct 21, 2021 · Symptoms of Cat Colds. Cats with colds may have symptoms including coughing, sneezing, discharge from the eyes or nose, lethargy, and sometimes fever. For many cats, these symptoms are will go away on their own in about 7-10 days. However, some cats may experience complications, such as a secondary bacterial infection or pneumonia. Apr 17, 2023 · Making some changes to your cat’s lifestyle can greatly reduce her chances of becoming constipated again. To keep things moving, you will want to keep your cat well-hydrated, make sure she’s eating enough fiber, prevent hairballs, keep your cat at a good weight, and encourage exercise. 1. Increase Hydration. Cats will beg for food just as often as dogs, but they don’t need to eat as much per meal or as frequently in most cases. In fact, many cat owners wonder just how frequently they s...Various causes include: Infections with bacteria, viruses, parasites, protozoa (i.e. Toxoplasma gondii), fungi or mycobacterium. Aspiration, which happens when your cat accidentally breathes in vomit or stomach fluid, usually occurring with severe episodes of vomiting or anesthesia/sedation.01. Cats are extremely sensitive animals and have very close bonds with their owners. 02. They can small chemical changes in humans and recognize changes in body language and facial expression. …Swab Type: Soft Cotton Swab Processing Time: 4-6 Weeks (My sample took 7 weeks) Breeds: 21 Breed Types, 4 Regions; Health Markers: 64 Markers Tested + Dental Report Traits: 50 Markers Tested Price: $99.99 Recently purchased by the world’s largest animal healthcare company, Zoetis, Basepaws is a leader in cat genetic research and …Melatonin supplements for cats are primarily used as sleep aids for cats. It’s also used to treat some other health and behavioral issues, such as: Hair loss, either from a health condition like alopecia or as a result of some kind of stress. General sleeping disorders. Behavioral issues such as aggressive behavior. Separation anxiety.Quick Overview. 01. Cats don’t recognize themselves in a mirror. 02. Other senses like smell and hearing contribute to a cat’s understanding of their surroundings. 03. Your cat’s reaction to their reflection could give you an idea of whether they are feeling stressed, vulnerable, playful, or unwell. Or perhaps, you’ve caught your cat ...With a population decrease from an estimated 3,000 in the 1950’s to about 100 at present*, the Malayan tiger- the national icon of strength, beauty and courage- is on the brink of extinction. Threats to the survival of wild tigers are mounting. Globally, the tiger has lost 93% of its habitat and it is targeted by poachers.Apr 17, 2023 · Making some changes to your cat’s lifestyle can greatly reduce her chances of becoming constipated again. To keep things moving, you will want to keep your cat well-hydrated, make sure she’s eating enough fiber, prevent hairballs, keep your cat at a good weight, and encourage exercise. 1. Increase Hydration. Developer: Akita Limited Liabil… You might notice some of the following symptoms when your cat has a UTI or other urinary tract problem: Frequent urination, but only passing a small amount of urine. Peeing outside the litter box ... Sep 17, 2022 ... I've detailed a whole mess of things over the years that will make your cat happy - but make them happy right this minute? Not till now.Lost & Found Cats How to find a lost cat. Of the many cats I’ve known over the years, I’ve lost four. Two never returned. I know the heartbreak of looking for and missing a beloved cat. My cat Coco went missing many years ago in Toronto. I canvassed the neighborhood, put up posters, and felt her presence nearby.Jan 3, 2024 · With just one protein, Koha Limited Diet wet foods are a good match for cats with digestive problems or food sensitivities. They boast a high moisture content and up to 96% real meat for your little carnivore. Koha’s Limited Ingredient Duck Pâté is made with a single meat source, making it easier to digest. Chronic inflammation has been hypothesized as a cause of GI lymphoma in cats. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a syndrome rather than a disease. The syndrome is caused by a specific reaction to chronic irritation of the stomach or intestines. Inflammation is the body's response to an insult, injury or foreign substance.With advancements in medical care, improved nutrition, and the evolving bond between humans and cats, beloved feline companions are living longer than ever. “The average lifespan of a cat is about 12 to 15 years. On average, purebred cats live about 12.5 years and crossbred cats live a bit longer, about 14 years,” Gardner explains..