Gully in arid climate - Abstract. In the Tigray highlands, gully development is linked to poverty-driven unsustainable use of the land in a vulnerable semi-arid and mountainous environment, where intense rainfalls challenge the physical integrity of the landscape. Over the last two centuries, three major phases in the hydrological regime of the region could be ...

 
DOI: 10.1134/S1067413620050045 Corpus ID: 225321959; Soil Carbon Storage Characteristics of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Artificial Grasslands in the Semi-Arid Hilly Gully Region of the Loess Plateau, China. Labcorp client billing

Since desert biomes receive little precipitation per year, the conditions are very hostile for plants and animals. A desert biome is a collection of habitats that that develop in arid (dry) environments as a result of little rainfall (50cms per year) or no rainfall at all. Desert biomes are classified into four, with each having their own ...The effect of climate is notable and can be considered as an important factor in the occurrence of gullies. The study area belongs to a region characterized by a semi-arid climate, where the average precipitation per year is comprised between 340 and 400 mm. In the last decade, there is a remarkable climatic change in this area.The gully that was analysed in forest had been deepened by piping during several episodes connected with high precipitation events. ... This method is useful in all types of region, both those with sparse vegetation (such as badlands in a semi-arid climate; e.g. Chilton et al., 2008; Zhu, 2003) and those with dense vegetation (such as ...Gully head retreat rates in the semi-arid Highlands of Northern Ethiopia Amaury Frankl a, *, Jean Poesen b, Jozef Deckers b, Mitiku Haile c, ... the precipitation ranges from 500 to 1000 mm y-1 and the climate is marked by dry and wet seasons, which are favorable for the periodic shrinking and swelling of the soil (FAO, 2007).Along with the global climate change, gully erosion, flood and drought jointly restrict the sustainable development of arid rangeland in Central Asia. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) system in gully is a flexible practice that alleviate complex environmental problems. In the Kulusitai watershed of Xinjiang, China, our study presented a decision …The averages for Rl, Ra and Ve are 3.8 m y−1, 31.5 m2y−1 and 47.7 m3y−1, respectively. Retreat rates are up to 10 times higher after road construction. For the medium to long term, headcut ...The study site was a well-developed gully of Yuanzegou catchment (37°15′N, 118°18′E) (Fig. 1), located in the north central part of the Loess Plateau in the northern Shaanxi province of China.The catchment covers an area of 0.58 km 2 with a gully area of 0.31 km 2.This area has a semiarid continental climate with (based on data for 1956-2006): mean annual precipitation of 505 mm, 70% ...As moisture availability is generally the limiting factor for weathering in arid climates (e.g., ... Gully activity and fan formation, during periods of high obliquity [e.g., Dickson and Head ...The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "gully in north africa that remains dry except during rainy season (4)", 4 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue.Learn about gully erosion, a severe form of soil erosion in arid and semiarid landscapes, from various chapters and books. Find out how to model, monitor, and prevent gully erosion using different methods and techniques.Gully erosion is a worldwide phenomenon expressed by a wide range of incised landforms tightly correlated. The commonly used solution in the northern Negev is based on damming the gully with perpendicular check dams. ... Wide parts of the cultivated arid area over the globe are characterized by loamy soils. The combination of climate …We study in this paper land degradation processes in arid environments that are leading to a major environmental change. These processes, which are mostly the outcome of gully development, have direct impact on agriculture potential, biomass degradation, and escalating desertification. Three representative sites within the Negev Highland ...The concept of gully erosion susceptibility has received more focus in recent years, and the attention has been drown by researchers for the implementation of policy and practices. ... This river basin experiences a semi-arid monsoonal climate, with a mean maximum temperature of 43 °C in the summer and mean minimum temperature of 8 °C in the ...A dry climate is a region of the world where there is little precipitation and the air is very dry, according to Maps of the World. Dry climate is divided by climatologists into th... The lenght of the solutions is between 3 and 11 letters. In total we have solutions for 7 word lengths. All solutions for "gully" 5 letters crossword answer - We have 5 clues, 25 answers & 123 synonyms from 3 to 15 letters. Solve your "gully" crossword puzzle fast & easy with the-crossword-solver.com. Nov 1, 2020 · The natural vegetation is defined as arid, sparsely distributed, except for localized linear features along the wadis (Smith et al., 2012), in soil patches (Mor-Mussery et al., 2014) and in unprocessed plots in the cultivated areas (Poesen, 2011). Most of the Western gully has a 'U' shape (Capra, 2013) with 5-45° slopes from the surrounding ... 1. Introduction. Gullies represent an important form of land degradation on a global scale (Vanmaercke et al., 2016, Zegeye et al., 2017, Selkimäki and González-Olabarria, 2017).Vegetation can result in the reinforcement of steep gully sidewalls and the interception of sediment transport processes on gully beds (Dong et al., 2014).Consequently, vegetation restoration has been proposed as an ...Gully erosion is an important sediment source in small watershed, and causes severe land degradation, particularly in semi-arid regions. Accurately measuring gully morphological characteristics, and determining its topographic threshold, are vital for gully erosion simulation and control. In this study, 910 gullies were visually interpreted by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology combined ...The formation of gully is influenced by various factors, including climate, drainage surface area, slope gradient, vegetation cover, land use, and soil properties. It is a very important problem ...Arid ClimatesAn arid climate is one that receives less than 10 inches (25.4 centimeters) of rainfall in an entire year. Deserts are areas that are arid. Although the most familiar image of a desert involves hot sand, the Arctic North and Antarctica are also deserts, as they also receive little moisture, usually in the form of snow. In contrast, the island of Fiji receives drenching rains for ...Gully head expansion was estimated by different methods such as back calculation from erosion modulus, literature archaeology, or field monitoring. ... In the semi-arid climate, although the total annual rainfall is insufficient, the rainfall is mainly concentrated in the rainy season. Rainfall first accumulates on the huge, flat top surface to ...This article reviews previous investigations into gully and badland research and discusses processes and definitions in the context of existing research in southeast Spain. ... Lopez-Bermudez, F. 1987: Incidence of soil erosion by water in the desertification of a semi-arid Mediterranean fluvial basin: the Segura ... Gully erosion and climate ...Jan 2012. Abdal Shahrivar. Christopher B.S. Teh. Shamsuddin Jusop. Majid Soufi. Request PDF | Identification of gully-development processes in semi-arid NE-Spain | Gully erosion is considered to ...Here is the solution for the Like a desert climate clue featured in USA Today puzzle on January 1, 2022. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among ... ARROYO Desert gully (6) Wall Street Journal: Mar 19, 2024 : 3% OASES Desert waterholes (5) 3% MESA Desert formation (4) Commuter: Mar 16, 2024 : …Download this page – Gully erosion (WORD - 111.7 KB) Gully erosion is the removal of soil along drainage lines by surface water runoff. Unless steps are taken to stabilise the disturbance, gullies will continue to move by headward erosion or by slumping of the side walls. It's far easier and more economical to do repair work in the early ...The climate is extremely arid, with an average annual temperature of 21.8°C, an average annual precipitation of 634.0 mm, concentrated in May to October (over 85%), and an average annual ...Find 9 different ways to say GULLY, along with antonyms, related words, and example sentences at Thesaurus.com.MRJ, 0000-0002-6871-403X. ABSTRACT. The eastward shift of semi-arid climate across South Africa is studied using satellite assimila ted cloud cover, vegetation temperature and. potential ... Learn about gully erosion, a severe form of soil erosion in arid and semiarid landscapes, from various chapters and books. Find out how to model, monitor, and prevent gully erosion using different methods and techniques. The semi-arid loess hilly–gully region in China has an extremely vulnerable ecological environment. Inappropriate land ... The loess hilly–gully region along the middle reach of the Yellow River experiences a semi-arid climate, with severely damaged indigenous vegetation and extremely serious soil erosion (Miao, 1992, Jin et al ...We study in this paper land degradation processes in arid environments that are leading to a major environmental change. These processes, which are mostly the outcome of gully development, have direct impact on agriculture potential, biomass degradation, and escalating desertification.Three representative sites within the Negev Highland, Israel, are studied by utilizing terrestrial laser scans ...The semi-arid hilly gully region of the Loess Pla-teau is located in northwestern China and has gullies and a fragmented topography. Because of the influ-ences of the geographic environment, climate and excessive anthropogenic effects for thousands of years, this area has been one of the most vulnerable areas in China for a long time [1, 2].In spite of many research efforts on gully erosion, there is an argument about causes of gully erosion among researchers. Causes of gully erosion can be classified into three categories: human impact (Bork et al., 2001, Starr, 1989), climate change (Gregory and Moore, 1931) and intrinsic changes (Schumm and Hadley, 1957). Examples and causes of gully erosion include: land use change and ...Oct 1, 2011 · Because of arid and semi-arid climate, piping and gully erosion is an active phenomenon in the agricultural lands, bare land, and rangeland areas of the Shazand watershed, Markazi Province ... Fig. 3 indicates that regions with high rates of erosion or sediment yield are mostly in semi-arid and sub-humid regions (García-Ruiz et al., 2015 ... Tarekegn (2012) attributed the severe gully erosion under a humid monsoon climate in Ethiopia to subsurface flow. Also, soil particles that are washed away by saturation excess runoff are mainly ...... Arid Areas to Climate Change",. Jerusalem, Israel, 14-21 May 1995. Quine, T. A., Desmet, P. J., Govers, G., Vandaele, K. & Walling, D. E. (1994) A comparison ...Gully erosion destroys agricultural and domestic grazing land in many countries, especially those with arid and semi-arid climates and easily eroded rocks and soils.A more likely explanation is that climatic change was responsible for the deterioration of the plant cover and the initiation of gully erosion. Tentative ...Download Table | Climate, edaphic and physiographic features in areas with gully erosion in five provinces of Iran based on presurveying from publication: Characteristics and Causes of Gully ...Kurt L. Frankel, James F. Dolan Characterizing arid region alluvial fan surface roughness with airborne laser swath mapping digital topographic data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 112, no.F2 F2 (May 2007).Kedong County is typical of the black soil region of northeast China in being highly susceptible to accelerated soil erosion by gullying. Using data sourced from Corona satellite imagery for 1965, SPOT5 for 2005 and GF-1 for 2015, the spatial distribution of gullies in the research area was mapped. Land use data for 1965, 2005, and 2015 were obtained from the topographic map of 1954, and from ...The combination of climate extremes, soil with high content of fine particles, a hilly topography, intense cultivations, and local farmers that are often unaware of soil conservation practices leads to enhanced soil erosion and incision phenomena ( Catt, 2001, Sun et al., 2014 ).Learn about gully erosion, a severe form of soil erosion in arid and semiarid landscapes, from various chapters and books. Find out how to model, monitor, and prevent gully erosion using different methods and techniques.The Crossword Solver found 30 answers to "Gully", 3 letters crossword clue. The Crossword Solver finds answers to classic crosswords and cryptic crossword puzzles. Enter the length or pattern for better results. Click the answer to find similar crossword clues . Enter a Crossword Clue. A clue is required. Sort by Length. # of Letters or Pattern.This is particularly harmful to arid and semiarid regions, where studies on gully susceptibility mapping showed that, over 30% of the catchments in those regions have high or very high risk of ...the semi-arid climate of this area and contrasts with the more even distribution of frontal winter rains that are typical of the sub-humid climate in Portugal.The concept of gully erosion susceptibility has received more focus in recent years, and the attention has been drown by researchers for the implementation of policy and practices. ... This river basin experiences a semi-arid monsoonal climate, with a mean maximum temperature of 43 °C in the summer and mean minimum temperature of 8 °C in the ...[Show full abstract] is characterized by an arid climate and intensive agricultural utilization on loess soil, enhancing gully erosion and the formation of gullied …Baseflow is a critical component of streamflow in arid areas. Determining variations in baseflow and the factors affecting it have positive roles for water resource utilization in arid watersheds. Two watersheds, the Hailiutu River watershed (HLTR) and the Dali River watershed (DLR), located in two different geomorphological regions of the middle Yellow River, were selected for this study. By ...Using spatial information and morphological parameters of ephemeral gullies obtained from the SegNet model, we found that: (1) ephemeral gully numbers decreased from 4495 in 1999 to 2312 in 2021 due to improved vegetation coverage; (2) average growth rates of ephemeral gully frequency, length, density, dissection degree, and width were 2.87 km ...This paper presents data on gully head retreat rates in Northern Ethiopia and relates these rates to gully and environmental characteristics. The monitoring of headcuts over one rainy season (2010) revealed that present-day retreat rates are low, with average annual linear (Rl ), areal ( Ra) and volumetric ( Ve) retreat rates of 0.34 m y −1 ...The climate of this area is classified as semi-arid bordering to arid 58. Mean annual rainfall reaches 251 mm and the mean monthly temperature 14.1 °C. Mean annual rainfall reaches 251 mm and the ...Nov 1, 2020 · Particularly in arid and semi-arid areas, gully erosion is widely developed where vegetation is relatively scarce; therefore, protecting the soil surface against detachment by high-intensity ... The research project MoGul (Large-scale Monitoring of Gully Erosion in Semi-Arid Landscapes) at Trier and Frankfurt University investigates the various types, development and dependencies of gullies as well as geomorphological processes involved in gullying. The investigations are carried out at different sites following a transect from the semi-arid Ebro Basin in Northeast Spain, via the sub ...A more likely explanation is that climatic change was responsible for the deterioration of the plant cover and the initiation of gully erosion. Tentative ...A three year monitoring programme of gully‐head retreat was established to assess the significance of sediment production in a drainage network that expanded rapidly by gully‐head erosion on the low‐angled alluvio‐lacustrine Njemps Flats in semi‐arid Baringo District, Kenya.Aug 20, 2019 · The combination of loess soil, an arid climate and intensive and continuous cultivation may promote incision and gully erosion. Whereas most studies focus on geomorphological aspects of gully ... In spite of many research efforts on gully erosion, there is an argument about causes of gully erosion among researchers. Causes of gully erosion can be classified into three categories: human impact (Bork et al., 2001, Starr, 1989), climate change (Gregory and Moore, 1931) and intrinsic changes (Schumm and Hadley, 1957). Examples[Show full abstract] semi-arid main Ethiopian Rift Valley and (ii) determine variables that significantly influence the gully erosion rate at three periods (1957, 1972 and 2005) and establish ...Arid and semi-arid regions store approximately 27% of global soil organic carbon (SOC), thus playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. Although afforestation is widely used to achieve the goals of landscape protection and ecological restoration in these regions, its effects on the dynamics of SOC and total nitrogen (TN) stocks as ...In spite of many research efforts on gully erosion, there is an argument about causes of gully erosion among researchers. Causes of gully erosion can be classified into three categories: human impact (Bork et al., 2001, Starr, 1989), climate change (Gregory and Moore, 1931) and intrinsic changes (Schumm and Hadley, 1957). Examples and causes of gully erosion include: land use change and ...The combination of loess soil, an arid climate and intensive and continuous cultivation may promote incision and gully erosion. Whereas most studies focus on geomorphological aspects of gully ...From 2000 to 2021, agricultural water consumption accounted for more than 80% of total water consumption each year in China's arid areas, and agricultural water consumption increased by 1.47 billion m 3 during that time ().Groundwater, the main water source for agricultural production in these regions (), decreased by more than 11.08 billion m 3 (), resulting in large-scale aquifer depletion ().The study area is situated within El Salado hydrological region 37, one of Mexico's most important continental basins, which is endorheic and has intermittent streams (SINA-CONAGUA, 2020).The climate is semi-arid (BS 1 kw), with a mean annual temperature ranging between 10.5 °C and 26 °C and a mean annual rainfall of 325 mm (García, 1973). ...Tea Tree Gully, a picturesque suburb located in South Australia, experiences a unique climate that greatly influences the region’s agriculture and farming practices. The weather pa...In addition, the instability of soil aggregates can accelerate gully formation (Igwe and Ejiofor, 2005, Yaloon, 1987), an extreme form of soil erosion (Casabella-González et al., 2021) that strongly impacts arid and semi-arid regions; due to its severe irreversible impact on landscape function, it is considered an indicator of desertification ...The province is characterized by a semi-arid Mediterranean climate in the north and arid in the south, with erratic rainfall that does not exceed 400 mm and an average monthly temperature of 9 °C in January and 37 °C in August (Benyahia et al., 2001). The population of the province has witnessed changes over the years of the study.The gully domain is composed of various gullies that are generally connected to form a natural geographical unit (Liu & Li 2017). The gully domain covers approximately 40% of the total area with a density of 1.5–4.0 km·km −2 on the semi-arid Loess Plateau (Zheng et al. 2006).A: A polar climate is characterized by extremely cold temperatures and limited precipitation. These regions, such as the Arctic and Antarctic, experience freezing temperatures throughout the year and are covered in ice. Discover the diverse climate types worldwide: tropical, arid, temperate, and polar.Land degradation encompasses ecological, biological, and physical deterioration of land resulting from natural or anthropogenic factors, including soil erosion. Piping erosion, specifically in arid and semi-arid regions, is recognized as a significant cause of land degradation. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the influential factors and spatially model this phenomenon to effectively ...Gully erosion is an environmental problem in arid and semi-arid areas. Gullies threaten the soil and water resources and cause off- and on-site problems. In this research, a new hybrid model combines …Section snippets Study site. The research was conducted in the arid central Negev desert (Fig. 1). The rainy season in this area extends from November through April and mean annual precipitation for the northern Negev Highlands near Sede Boqer is 91 mm (Bitan and Rubin, 1991).However, the inter- and intra-annual variation in rainfall is very …Arid and semi-arid regions store approximately 27% of global soil organic carbon (SOC), thus playing an important role in the global carbon cycle. Although afforestation is widely used to achieve the goals of landscape protection and ecological restoration in these regions, its effects on the dynamics of SOC and total nitrogen (TN) stocks as ...Here is the solution for the Like a desert climate clue featured in USA Today puzzle on January 1, 2022. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among ... ARROYO Desert gully (6) Wall Street Journal: Mar 19, 2024 : 3% OASES Desert waterholes (5) 3% MESA Desert formation (4) Commuter: Mar 16, 2024 : …terracing. contour farming. conservation tillage. multiple cropping. 5 of 5. Quiz yourself with questions and answers for 5.02 Quiz: Soil as a Resource, so you can be ready for test day. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material.22 Jun 2023 ... the gully defects on their walls prominent. ... climatic areas is as follows: semi-arid > extreme-arid > ... climate areas in the same dynasty ...This area is characterized by an arid climate and intensive agricultural utilization on loess soil, enhancing gully erosion and the formation of gullied landforms. ... Particularly in arid and semi-arid areas, gully erosion is widely developed where vegetation is relatively scarce; therefore, protecting the soil surface against detachment by ...arroyo, a dry channel lying in a semiarid or desert area and subject to flash flooding during seasonal or irregular rainstorms. Such transitory streams, rivers, or creeks are noted for their gullying effects and especially for their rapid rates of erosion, transportation, and deposition. There have been reports of up to 8 feet (2 m) of ...Both are part of the lower central plateau Atlantic Meseta. The climate in this region ranges between sub-humid and semi-arid, with a mean annual rainfall of 350 mm over a 32 year period (1970–2002), collected at the Rabat/Sale meteorological station about 22 km away from the study area (DESIRE, 2010). Most of the region consists of rolling ...In terms of evolution, gully erosion has a greater impact in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, resulting in rapid depletion of soil moisture and ground water (Jahantigh and Pessarakli 2011 ...This report prepared by ICRISAT under its Global Theme on Agroecosystems deals with the problem of gully erosion, which is common in the semi-arid region, characterized by denuded landscape and flash floods. An estimated 4 million ha land in India and 29 million ha of land in Africa are affected by severe gully erosion. Gully erosion is more difficult and expensive to control than other types ...However, they are all directed at the typical black soil area, while the soil erosion caused by the erosion gully in the semi-arid area of Northeast is less ...In sites #2 and #3, gullies are mostly of linear pattern and elongated. The longest gully is located within site #3, whereas the deepest and widest gullies occur in site #2. The climate of the study area is semiarid with temperatures ranging from 7 °C to 30 °C and an annual rainfall of approximately 670 mm.Recent usage in crossword puzzles: WSJ Daily - March 19, 2024; Pat Sajak Code Letter - Oct. 30, 2015; USA Today - May 2, 2014; Universal Crossword - Dec. 3, 2013

Nov 20, 2019 · Gully headcut retreatment varied from 0.99 to 1.4 m year −1 in various pedo-climatic regions, and ephemeral gully erosion in semiarid climate of Iranian Loess Plateau has resulted in a soil loss of 4 t ha −1 year −1. Based on the obtained results, enough studies paid to gully erosion and various controlling factors have been determined. . Who is the actor in the progressive commercials

gully in arid climate

In the wild, goats live in mountainous regions. They prefer hot, dry and arid climates. Most species of goats live in the tropical and equatorial regions of the world. Goats are al...Climate change alters hydrological cycle processes such as snow cover, runoff, and soil water, which affect the ecosystem [].As the most critical component of the ecosystem, vegetation activities could well represent ecosystem variations [], and vegetation is highly sensitive to climate change [3,4,5], especially in arid ecosystems [].For example, dryland vegetation was observed as having a ...Kenya is located in the Greater Horn of Africa region, which is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. More than 80% of the country's landmass is arid and semi-arid land (ASAL) with poor infrastructure, and other developmental challenges. Climate hazards have caused considerable losses across the country's different sectors ...Tea Tree Gully, located in South Australia, boasts a unique climate that greatly influences the region’s weather patterns. From scorching summers to mild winters, this area experie...A drier climate in the semi-arid zone is thus expected to foster rill and gully development (e.g., Valentin, 2004). Under cold conditions, global warming is expected to increase the frequency of freeze–thaw cycles exacerbating the risk of gullying as shown in southern Saskatchewan, Canada, ( Archibold et al., 2003 ) and in southern Norway ...Crop production potential (CPP) is profoundly affected by the change in climate factors (e.g., precipitation, temperature, and solar radiation) brought about by climate change, which ultimately affects the quantity and yield of crops. In China, arid and semi-arid regions are mainly located in the western regions and occupy around 59% of the land area. In order to identify the most important ...Both are part of the lower central plateau Atlantic Meseta. The climate in this region ranges between sub-humid and semi-arid, with a mean annual rainfall of 350 mm over a 32 year period (1970–2002), collected at the Rabat/Sale meteorological station about 22 km away from the study area (DESIRE, 2010). Most of the region consists of rolling ...Key Takeaways. Embrace arid climate gardening by selecting drought-tolerant plants and adapting to the unique environmental conditions. Implement water conservation strategies such as drip irrigation, rainwater harvesting, and mulching to minimize water usage and maintain soil moisture. Master soil and compost management to improve water ...A more likely explanation is that climatic change was responsible for the deterioration of the plant cover and the initiation of gully erosion. Tentative ...Gully erosion is one of the main natural hazards, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, destroying ecosystem service and human well-being. Thus, gully erosion susceptibility maps (GESM) are urgently needed for identifying priority areas on which appropriate measurements should be considered.This article reviews previous investigations into gully and badland research and discusses processes and definitions in the context of existing research in southeast Spain. ... Lopez-Bermudez, F. 1987: Incidence of soil erosion by water in the desertification of a semi-arid Mediterranean fluvial basin: the Segura ... Gully erosion and climate ...Arroyo (watercourse) An arroyo ( / əˈrɔɪoʊ / ), from Spanish arroyo ( Spanish: [aˈroʝo], "brook"), also called a wash, is a dry watercourse that temporarily or seasonally fills and flows after sufficient rain. [1] Flash floods are common in arroyos following thunderstorms . Similar landforms are referred to as wadi (in North Africa and ...Jan 2012. Abdal Shahrivar. Christopher B.S. Teh. Shamsuddin Jusop. Majid Soufi. Request PDF | Identification of gully-development processes in semi-arid NE-Spain | Gully erosion is considered to ...Jul 8, 2023 · Here is the answer for the crossword clue Dry gully featured in Times Concise puzzle on July 8, 2023. We have found 40 possible answers for this clue in our database. Among them, one solution stands out with a 95% match which has a length of 4 letters. We think the likely answer to this clue is WADI. Gully erosion covered over 600 square kilometers in the Golestan province. Although gully erosion was observed in 12 climates based on the modified Demartons' classification, most of the gullies occurred in arid and semiarid climates with loess soil. From six regions with extensive gully erosion, four have semiarid climate..

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