Intro cs rutgers - CS 205: Intro to Discrete Math and Logic. The purpose of this course is to formalize many topics and ways of thinking in computer science that are frequently discussed in rather casual terms. Taking a mathematical approach to these ideas facilitates not only communication, but also understanding (ideally).

 
Course Number: 01:198:334. Instructor: Ahmed Elgammal. Course Type: Undergraduate. Credits: 4. Description: Introduces fundamental techniques and concepts used in computational imaging and multimedia. Upon completion, a successful student will be able to design and implement programs that deal with image, video, and audio data.. Routing number santander bank

The B.A. Degree in Computer Science has the following requirements: Admission to the major. Six required courses in computer science: 01:198:111 (Introduction to Computer Science), 112 (Data Structures), 205 (Introduction to Discrete Structures I), 206 (Introduction to Discrete Structures II), 211 (Computer Architecture), 344 (Design and ...CS 111 and 112 have a unified course structure, you can go to any prof's lectures and you will take the same tests and hw as everyone else in the course. Since you're commuting I recommend picking a class with the recitation time that works best for you, you can't skip those and you'll be graded on attendanceThis method creates and returns the profile for the known DNA sequence from the input file. Approach: Set profile name to “Unknown” because they are currently unknown. Set the S1_STRs and S2_STRs to NULL. Set sequence1 to the first line of the file. Set sequence2 to the second line of the file. Return the Profile object.Department of Computer Science Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 110 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019 (848) 445-2001Archived post. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Lars is super chill! This is his first time teaching 111 but he was great for the honors seminar! Thanks for the info! You're in for a good semester, Lars is chill af (as long as you're actually putting in effort etc) Thanks for the info! CS 111 Intro to Computer Science - Rutgers. By Cubits Admin. This a collection of book videos to support CS111 course at Rutgers mostly intended for students in the scarlet section. 12 Modules 46 Videos 10hr 53min total duration. Total Value: 2000 cupoints. The B.A. Degree in Computer Science has the following requirements: Admission to the major. Six required courses in computer science: 01:198:111 (Introduction to Computer Science), 112 (Data Structures), 205 (Introduction to Discrete Structures I), 206 (Introduction to Discrete Structures II), 211 (Computer Architecture), 344 (Design and ...01:198:110 Introduction to Computers and Their Application (3) General survey about what computers are and how they are used, including an introduction to computer programming and contemporary application packages. Lec. 2 hrs., rec. 1 hr. Students planning further study in computer science should take 01:198:111. Credit not given for both this course and 01:198:170.Department of Computer Science Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 110 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019 (848) 445-2001The B.S. Degree in Computer Science has the following requirements: Admission to the major. Six required courses in computer science: 01:198:111 , 112 , 205 , 206 , 211 , 344. Three required courses in mathematics: 01:640:151, 152, 250. Seven electives from a designated list of courses in computer science and related disciplines .CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Rutgers University - Fall 2018. Abstract. The general goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to design computational methods that allow cyber and/or physical systems to act autonomously. CS 440, as an introduction to this topic at the advanced undergraduate level, provides a fast-paced survey of ...r/rutgers • Rutgers NB got moved up to 40th in national universities by USnews! It's now higher than Tufts, Purdue, Lehigh, CWRU, Northeastern, and more. And the other 2 campuses are also now within the top 100 too.Intro to Logic Final (w/ Prof Skiles) use notes (?) Academics. Is anyone in Prof Skiles' Intro to Logic class and can tell me if we can bring in notes for our final exam? In his final exam module it says that we can bring in notes but I dunno if that's just a mistake or not. Archived post. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. 4.Teaching Professor. Email Address: [email protected]. Address: Department of Computer Science. Rutgers The State University of New Jersey. 110 Frelinghuysen Road. Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019. Phone: (848)445-7455.Admission to the Major. Students wishing to declare a major in computer science must achieve a grade of C or better in the following 5 courses: 01:640:151 (Calculus I for Physical Science Majors) 01:640:152 (Calculus II for Physical Science Majors) 01:198:111 (Introduction to Computer Science) 01:198:112 (Data Structures)Intro to Logic Final (w/ Prof Skiles) use notes (?) Academics. Is anyone in Prof Skiles' Intro to Logic class and can tell me if we can bring in notes for our final exam? In his final exam module it says that we can bring in notes but I dunno if that's just a mistake or not. Archived post. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. 4.Write Java programs to practice one and two-dimensional arrays. Write a weather prediction function. Write programs to practice recursion. Rank patients waiting for a heart transplant. Searching, sorting and performance (50 points) Written assignment to practice sorting/searching algorithms and analysis of algorithms.Gas-powered car: According to the EPA, there are 8.887 kg of CO2 released with the combustion of each gallon of gasoline. This is the amount of CO2 coming out the tailpipe of a gas powered vehicle. Given the formula: Total emitted CO2 = gallonsOfGasUsed * 8.887 kg/gallon. = totalMiles/milesPerGallon * 8.887 kg/gallon.The Intro to CS class will only give you gray hairs if the class is too fast for you here at Rutgers. If you change your mind and want to minor in it next semester, well, good for you! You'll be ahead of most when you do take IntroCS.Introduction to the Department. The Division of Computer and Information Sciences in New Brunswick was established at Rutgers in 1969 as the Computer Science Department. Programs leading to a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science are offered by the undergraduate colleges at Rutgers. The faculty of the division are members of the School of Arts ...Course Number: 01:198:206. Instructor: Konstantinos Michmizos. Course Type: Undergraduate. Semester 1: Fall. Semester 2: Spring. Credits: 4. Description: Provides the background in combinatorics and probability theory required in design and analysis of algorithms, in system analysis, and in other areas of computer science. Learning …8. andrewh717. • 3 yr. ago. If you have prior internship experience or have worked on enough personal projects, 213 should be easy. If you're the type of person who just takes your CS classes and does nothing more outside of what's assigned in class, then it could be very difficult.21 votes, 27 comments. true. Intro to CS is a surprising useful and fun course it might be a little annoying if you don't have friends also taking the course of that know CS though because you often need help debugging or just having the assignments explained, beside that it's very straightforward and I think useful.Introduction to CS Resources. by ... You can get all information about the Computer Science Department and its resources at resources.cs.rutgers.edu. This document is to help you get an idea of what is available. There are a few things you need to know and get before using any of the department computing facilities. You should familiarize ...This course introduces students to the central ideas of computer science and explores technologies of computing and their impact on society and culture. Students are … CS 520: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence. This course is intended to provide a broad practical introduction to the concepts and methods in the field of artificial intelligence. ”AI” represents a very diverse field of problems and techniques – we will focus on topics and ideas with broad application. One thing that you should think ... Computer Science; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Computer Science; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ... (MTH151) and Introduction to Computer Science (CS111). In your second semester you should look to take Calculus II (make sure it's MTH152, Calculus II for the sciences) and Data Structures (CS112). Second year ...Independent-Win-4187. My experience as a Rutgers CS major, and how I managed to get a 200k total comp job. Comp Sci. (This is for CS majors that want to make it big, trust me I wish I knew this shit when I started my journey here.) Just to preface, compared to top schools like Berkeley, the career driven community at Rutgers CS is very small.To determine how much a bank will lend for a mortgage, an underwriter will evaluate your debt-to-income ratio, the value of your property and your credit history. The lending bank ...It’s a program that takes in commands, which it passes on to the computer’s operating system to run. From the command line, you can navigate through files and folders on your computer, just as you would with a file graphic navigation interface. Short videos on how to use basic command line commands: Linux/MacOS. Windows. Classes. MW 5:40-7 PM LSH-AUD. Office Hours. T 6:00-8:00 PM. Zoom Link. EMAIL [email protected] WITH ANY ISSUES PERTAINING TO THE COURSE. The Course Coordination Team will respond to you as soon as possible (up to 5 business days) Include [CS111] and a short description of the issue to the EMAIL SUBJECT to help our staff speed up replies. The program inputs the mass of the first object (use variable m1), then the mass of the second object (use variable m2), and the distance between the first object and second object (use variable r). Gravitational force is calculated by the following formula: F = g * (m1 * m2) / (r*r) where g = 6.6743e-11. Pre-Condition: assume m1, m2, and r are ...CS 440: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Rutgers University - Fall 2018. Abstract. The general goal of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is to design computational methods that allow cyber and/or physical systems to act autonomously. CS 440, as an introduction to this topic at the advanced undergraduate level, provides a fast-paced survey of ...CS 440 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence at Rutgers University. Professor Abdeslam Boularias. Fall 2019. Please follow both Rutgers University's Principles of Academic Integrity and the Rutgers Department of Computer Science's Academic Integrity PolicyDepartment of Computer Science Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 110 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019 (848) 445-200101:198:461 Machine Learning Principles. This course is a systematic introduction to machine learning, covering theoretical as well as practical aspects of the use of statistical methods. Topics include linear models for classification and regression, support vector machines, regularization and model selection, and introduction to deep learning.Department of Computer Science Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 110 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019 (848) 445-20011. Take two courses from each of category A and B. Complete an independent study by the end of 4th semester (min. 3 credits) Work on completing the 12 credits for CS courses satisfying the depth requirement. Student is expected to find a research area and a research advisor preferably by 2nd semester and no later than the 4th semester. 2. 3. 4. 5.CS:GO, short for Counter-Strike: Global Offensive, is one of the most popular first-person shooter games in the world. With a growing eSports scene and millions of players worldwid...These recordings are solely for the students registered in the course and are not to be redistributed outside of this class. Course Sta. Instructor: Sepehr Assadi [email protected] TAs: Shuchang Liu [email protected] Vihan Shah [email protected] Janani Sundaresan [email protected]. …A total of 57 credits is required for the computer science major. The following are required computer science courses: 21:198:101 Computers and Programming I (3) 21:198:102 Computers and Programming II (3) 28:198:288 Intensive Programming Practicum (3) 21:198:251 Computer Organization (3) 21:198:332 Principles of Operating Systems (3)We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us.Introduction To Artificial Intelligence (CS 440) - Abdeslam Boularias. COURSE LEARNING GOALS. The objective of the class is to: (a) show how to identify the appropriate AI solutions for different classes of computational challenges and. (b) provide experience in implementing such solutions on representative challenges.Welcome to Introduction to Computer Science, CS111. In this course you will be introduced to fundamental concepts in programming. After completing the course the student will be able to: Design algorithmic solutions to problems. Develop, implement, test, and document program code.Ana Paula CENTENO. Associate Teaching Professor - Department of Computer Science. CoRE 314. [email protected]. 848-445-7475.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Introduction to Discrete Structures I CS 205 - Spring 2012 Section 04 . Class Links: Calendar: Topics, lectures, reading, due dates; ... Email: elgammal (at) cs.rutgers.edu. Email policy: you have to include "CS205" in your subject to get a response. Office hours: Friday 2:15-3:15 pm CoRE Building- room 316, Busch Campus.In my attempts to find a new career path, I found this online course called CS50, Harvard’s Intro to CS course. It covered topics ranging from C to data structures to web development to SQL. It was pretty advanced, especially for an intro course, but I really enjoyed it and decided to dive in and pursue CS at Rutgers.No more than one D will be accepted in courses taken toward the minor. Residency condition: At least five of the courses used to satisfy the requirements of the minor must be courses taken in the New Brunswick Department of Computer Science. (These courses must be 01:198:xxx.) Some examples of CS minors: 111,112,211,214,416,417 requires calc 1 ...Course Number: 01:198:415. Instructor: Uli Kremer. Course Type: Undergraduate. Semester 1: Spring. Credits: 4. Description: To reveal the general concepts and theoretical foundations of programming language translation and implementation. Emphasis will be placed on imperative languages.Recommended for all students interested in programming ... Hello, world – 50 course points. The purpose of this assignment is to introduce you to programming in Java and to familiarize you with the process of preparing and submitting programming assignments. You will learn how to use the VScode editor to edit Java files, use the command line to compile and execute your programs, as well as submit ... I emailed [email protected]. Thats a good idea, lets show them that there is interest. I basically stated that on their website it says the course will be available in the spring and asked them why it was not on the schedule planner. I also stated that I was interested in getting into data science as a career path.It's a program that takes in commands, which it passes on to the computer's operating system to run. From the command line, you can navigate through files and folders on your computer, just as you would with a file graphic navigation interface. Short videos on how to use basic command line commands: Linux/MacOS. Windows.Course Number: 01:198:460. Course Type: Undergraduate. Semester 1: Fall. Credits: 4. Description: This course provides a general introduction to robotics from a computational perspective with a focus on mobile robots. This includes the use of popular software for interacting with and simulating robots, such as the Robot Operation System (ROS).Introduction to Discrete Structures. Syllabus. Welcome to Introduction to Discrete Structure CS205. In this course you will be introduced to mathematical foundations that are …The official subreddit for Rutgers University RU RAH RAH ... Introduction to Computer Science is definitely a "more challenging" introductory course than other intro courses. However, it is an intro course at the end of the day and it is designed with the assumption that a student may come in with little to no CS / programming experience. So ...Introduction To Artificial Intelligence (CS 440) - Abdeslam Boularias. COURSE LEARNING GOALS. The objective of the class is to: (a) show how to identify the appropriate AI solutions for different classes of computational challenges and. (b) provide experience in implementing such solutions on representative challenges.Instructor. Kostas Bekris, Associate Professor. Office: 1 Spring street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901 – Third floor – office #304. Office Hours: Monday 2:00pm – 3:00pm (first day: Sept. 13)/ available in person at this time slot or on Zoom: Link for Kostas Bekris’ Office Hours.Introduction to the Department. The Division of Computer and Information Sciences in New Brunswick was established at Rutgers in 1969 as the Computer Science Department. Programs leading to a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science are offered by the undergraduate colleges at Rutgers. The faculty of the division are members of the School of Arts ...Are you a fan of first-person shooter games but not willing to spend a fortune on CS:GO? Look no further. In this article, we will explore some free alternatives to CS:GO that will...Rutgers University - Department of Computer Science CS110 - Introduction to Computers and Applications Jt - Summer 2016 . Intro To ScarletApps Assignment. Tuesday, June 14. Evaluation: 15 points . ... You need to know your TA's Rutgers netid (the initials and digits that make up the first part of many Rutgers email addresses) - so reference the ...One of my friends was doing ITI major at Rutgers and graduated about 2-3 year ago, landed a job as full stack developer with base salary of 65k within 4 months of graduation. Now, he is making 95k at his current job. Story 2, my sister's friend graduated last year from NJIT and makes around 90k (base salary) ofcourse he had an internship ...Syllabus. Syllabus - Spring 2023 Welcome to Introduction to Computer Science, CS111. In this course you will be introduced to fundamental concepts in programming. After completing the course the student will be able to: Design algorithmic solutions to problems. Develop, implement, test, and document program code.Academics. Has anyone ever taken this class? I was wondering what people's experiences with it were. I'm considering switching out one of my classes for it. (I tried using the search function to find some posts about the class experience, but most of those went unanswered.) Thanks! Archived post.Founded in 1966, the Department of Computer Science is a center for research and education at the undergraduate and graduate levels. Strong research groups exist in areas of artificial intelligence, robotics, foundations of computer science, scientific computing, and systems. Basic work in computer science is the main research goal of these ...It covered topics ranging from C to data structures to web development to SQL. It was pretty advanced, especially for an intro course, but I really enjoyed it and decided to dive in and pursue CS at Rutgers. Overall, from the first CS course to the last, it took me 4 semesters to complete my CS degree.To investigate the essential properties of data structures and algorithms for operating on them; to use these structures as tools to assist algorithm design; to extend exposure to searching, sorting and hashing techniques. 01:198:111. Credit not given for this course and 14:332:351. - A grade below a "C" in a prerequisite course will not ...Download. to transfer data or software from a distant to a nearby computer, from a larger to a smaller computer, or from a computer to a peripheral device. router. a piece of hardware or software having a specific IP address and connected to network nodes for the transfer of data between computers. modem.You can just take an intro to CS class at Rutgers or attend a free bootcamp online. If you just want to learn to code, the web is your friend. ... take intro to cs and see how you feel. idk if you should considering you already have to take calc, bio, chem, physics, orgo. adding cs classes to that makes it more rigorous. gpa is a huge thing for ...Rutgers University 9 CS 416: Operating Systems Special Permissions Requests must be accompanied by transcript and photo ID. Please write your email address, Rutgers ID, and section you want to join on your transcript Provided that there is room in the sections, I will rank requests according toProf. Andy Gunawardena. Monday 2:00 PM - 3:20 PM Busch HLL-114. Wednesday 2:00 PM - 3:20 PM Busch HLL-114. Office Hours/Location: see canvas.1. Take two courses from each of category A and B. Complete an independent study by the end of 4th semester (min. 3 credits) Work on completing the 12 credits for CS courses satisfying the depth requirement. Student is expected to find a research area and a research advisor preferably by 2nd semester and no later than the 4th semester. 2. 3. 4. 5.01:198:111 - Introduction to Computer Science - Studocu. University. Rutgers University. Introduction to Computer Science (01:198:111) 153 documents. 2 questions 14 students. …Also, I start CS major with basically no cs background (well i did learn html but no java or any real language) and i took DS last semester and ended with 50.6% and -blessed the curve- that was a C. But I think the prereq for Data Structure is CS111 (or 5 in AP CS A or 4/5 in AP CS AB) and Calc1 (or 4/5 in AP Calc AB).We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us.01:198:206 - Introduction to Discrete Structures II. Provides the background in combinatorics and probability theory required in design and analysis of algorithms, in system analysis, and in other areas of computer science. 01:198:205 or 14:332:202 ; 01:640:152. Credit not given for this course and 01:640:477 or 14:332:226.The Bachelor of Science in Data Science at Rutgers provides students with a foundation in data literacy, statistical inference, and data management. The program includes courses in calculus, linear algebra, and principles of information and data management. ... 01:198:111 Introduction to Computer Science; 01:198:112 Data Structures; 01:198:205 ...Weather Generator - 60 points. This assignment consists of writing a library of static methods to generate and analyze weather forecast. Refer to our Programming Assignments FAQ for instructions on how to install VSCode, how to use the command line and how to submit your assignments. Start your assignment early. Programming.These recordings are solely for the students registered in the course and are not to be redistributed outside of this class. Course Sta. Instructor: Sepehr Assadi [email protected] TAs: Shuchang Liu [email protected] Vihan Shah [email protected] Janani Sundaresan [email protected]. …Binary Search.. Search for the character S using the binary search algorithm on the following array of char- acters: A E G K M O R S Z; For each iteration of binary search use a table similar to the table below to list: (a) the left index and (b) the right index of the array that denote the region of the array that is still being searched, (c) the middle point of the array, and (d) the ...The distinctive SAS Core Curriculum is structured as a set of core liberal arts and sciences learning goals. All are framed as activities students will be able to do at a foundational level by virtue of meeting the specified core goal. Courses may be counted as meeting multiple learning goals; students generally will complete the core in 10 to ...Prerequisite Information: Prerequisites: CS 142 (Data 101: Data Literacy) OR CS 111 (Introduction to Computer Science) Expected Work: To assess that students have acquired basic literacy in all the concepts, tools, and techniques they are taught, they will be given 6 quizzes periodically through the semester (typically bi-weekly), of which the lowest scoring quiz will be dropped for grading.Computer Science; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Computer Science; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey ... 198:111 Introduction to Computer Science: 4: 198:112 Data Structures: 4 : SAS signature course or other general elective: 3: general elective: 3 : general elective : 3:Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology 123 Bevier Rd. Piscataway, NJ 08854. Main Office Phone: 848.445.8699jingjin.yu cs.rutgers.edu: Office: 307 @ 1 Spring St, New Brunswick: Lectures: WED: 12-1:20, FRI: 1:40-3: Classroom: Science and Engineering Resource Center (SEC) 111 : ... Introduction Robots and their applications Types of mobile robots, their actuators and sensors Overview of the three computational components and their interaction: sensing ...

Admission to the Major. Students wishing to declare a major in computer science must achieve a grade of C or better in the following 5 courses: Students who have received credit for courses equivalent to 01:198:111,112, or 205 must complete at least three courses in the New Brunswick Department of Computer Science (01:198:xxx) before being .... Spn 625

intro cs rutgers

Transport Application Transport Network Host-to-Net … FTP HTTP SMTP DNS TCP UDP IP 802.11 X.25 ATM HTTPSThe sophomore/junior years are an absolute nightmare and you will want to quit. Tough it out, and you will be rewarded for sure. Avoid Francisco, Menendez, and Martin. Take Ames, Desheng Zhang, He Zhu, Abdeslam Boularias, Sesh Venugopal, and Yongfeng Zhang. Be open minded, and get ready for a lot of math.The Async intro to computers for engineers class. If possible I may look to take the online intro to computers for engineers class, has anyone taken it before and how much does it differ from in-person class? Way better online imo. The quizzes are pretty easy tbh. And there's no final if you do well on the projects.A heart transplant is a surgical procedure that replaces the person’s heart with a donor heart. A person may require a heart transplant for several reasons including congenital, arterial and muscle diseases or for unforeseen reasons such as accidents or viral infections. The donor heart is matched to the recipient by blood type.512: intro DS and Algorithms. 510: Numerical Analysis. 521: Linear Programming. 513: Design and Analysis of DS&Alg. Take 1 or 2 database Courses: ... Department of Computer Science Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey 110 Frelinghuysen Road Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019 (848) 445-2001. Home; Login; Back to Top ...Programming. Write 2 programs and submit on Autolab. WATCH this video: how to open the files on VSCode and how to submit into Autolab. We provide a zip file (find it under Buses on Autolab) containing Buses.java and DogWalk.java. For each problem UPDATE and SUBMIT the corresponding file. Observe the following rules: ONLY print the result as ...Computer Science Major. Students majoring in computer science may choose between a bachelor of science and a bachelor of arts program. The two programs have the same computer science requirements, but different natural science and mathematics requirements. The bachelor of science degree requires a minimum of 24 credits in natural science and ...Over the past few years the course has gotten significantly more difficult. People that have taken AP comp sci sometimes still struggle. If you keep up with the assignments you'll be fine. 4. NGC7089. • 4 yr. ago. Anyone who has taken AP comp sci and struggled in intro to comp for engineers did not do well in AP comp sci. 2.21 votes, 27 comments. true. Intro to CS is a surprising useful and fun course it might be a little annoying if you don't have friends also taking the course of that know CS though because you often need help debugging or just having the assignments explained, beside that it's very straightforward and I think useful.Computer Science Department - Rutgers University Spring 2020 CS 440 : Introduction to Arti cial Intelligence 16:198:440 Time: Monday/Wednesday: 5 pm - 6:20 pm Place: Tillet 257 Instructor: Wes Cowan O ce: Hill Center, O ce 268 E-Mail: cwcowan at cs.rutgers.edu (Instructor) Note - no other address should be used for the instructor. Classes. MW 5:40-7 PM LSH-AUD. Office Hours. T 6:00-8:00 PM. Zoom Link. EMAIL [email protected] WITH ANY ISSUES PERTAINING TO THE COURSE. The Course Coordination Team will respond to you as soon as possible (up to 5 business days) Include [CS111] and a short description of the issue to the EMAIL SUBJECT to help our staff speed up replies. This course is intended for both students majoring in Computer Science as well as nonspecialists with the necessary background who wish to acquire a general familiarity with Artificial Intelligence. 01:198:205;01:640:152. - A grade below a "C" in a prerequisite course will not satisfy that prerequisite requirement. Search: Problem Spaces.Computer Science; Rutgers, The State University of New JerseyCS111 Final Exam Fall 2022. Other 100% (1) Intro TO CS Notes - Week One/Two. Lecture notes None. How I passed Comp TIA N10-007. Coursework None. Input Output Devices Lecture Notes. Lecture notes None. Midterm 2 - This is a comprehensive practice exam to prepare students for a rigorous second..

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