Iowa Morels & Mushrooms Message Board. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community.Before we do that, let’s look at what The Great Morel often refers to the migration pattern of the morel. It is the rebirth of spring where life comes back to the woods and gives us hope and the great morel. Let’s start with the early morel hunters – those in the Southeast states of Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina and southern Arkansas.2023 Photo Contest. 2023 Mushroom Photo Contest Entries; Shop/Mushroom Gear and Products This is where you can add new products to your store. Books Mushroom and foraging books, cookbooks, field guides. Mesh Bags Mushroom/Foraging Mesh Bags; Morel Mushroom Carved Walking Sticks Morel …map details. yellow morel (25903 areas), black morel (11269 areas) Single payment of$59.99 Buy now Want more information about our mapping service? Visit our website. We are here for you! If you have a question or aren't completely satisfied, we'll work with you to find a solution! No disappointed among our mushroom hunters!Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps.Not only that but there are numerous conditions you should look for to determine when to forage more mushrooms in Missouri. These include: The amount of rain. The more rain, the sooner you can forage them. Temperature. Both the air temperature and soil temperature. The sooner it gets to 53 degrees Fahrenheit the sooner you’ll see …2024 Burn Morel Maps. by Jeremy | Nov 6, 2023. It could be 5 months or more before we are starting to see morels around the Pacific Northwest but I wanted to get this up so that you would have an easy resource when thinking about where to go this coming spring. Here is a map with most of the large burns from Washington, Oregon, …2023 Photo Contest. 2023 Mushroom Photo Contest Entries; Shop/Mushroom Gear and Products This is where you can add new products to your store. Books Mushroom and foraging books, cookbooks, field guides. Mesh Bags Mushroom/Foraging Mesh Bags; Morel Mushroom Carved Walking Sticks Morel Mushroom Carved Walking Sticks, standard top …Morel Mushrooms do grow in the state of Ohio, and they grow in every natural area of the state. Areas like Columbus and downtown Cleveland have been ravaged by human development and do not foster much life at all, including the prized morel. However, from the north, south, east, and west of the state, there is the potential to find Morel ...We added burn severity and morel probability overlays to both A & B rated fires – I encourage you to check out these overlays this year. Don’t forget other burn morel hunting wisdom: 2nd year burns are legit. Pay a visit to our 2023 maps (included w/ 2024 maps)Posted Fri, Apr 14, 2023 at 11:08 am ET. The Great Morel map shows a number of recorded sightings this year in PA, south of the I-80 corridor which splits the state in two. These meaty and flavor ...A political map shows boundaries of countries, states, cities and counties. A physical map, while showing the information found on a political map, also shows landforms and the loc...Feb 28, 2023 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Illinois Morel Mushrooms. 70,019 likes · 664 talking about this. Morel Mushrooms In Illinois! Up-to-date morel info devoted for the entire state of Illinois and our great Morel Mushroom Hunters!lLtest blog posts and interesting stories from The Great Morel. Articles of information or general interest, along with seasonal updates, new or highlighted recipes, tips of the trade and more. ... 2023 Morel Sightings Gallery; 2024 Morel Sightings Gallery; Recipes and Preserve . Classic Morel Recipes; ... Maps; Articles and Posts; Frequently ...2023 Photo Contest. 2023 Mushroom Photo Contest Entries; Shop/Mushroom Gear and Products This is where you can add new products to your store. Books Mushroom and foraging books, cookbooks, field guides. Mesh Bags Mushroom/Foraging Mesh Bags; Morel Mushroom Carved Walking Sticks Morel Mushroom Carved Walking Sticks, …The Michigan DNR has released their latest Michigan morel mushroom map - an interactive look at the best places in the state to hunt for them. The media could not be loaded, either because the ...All you need to do is book an overnight reservation with us to have access to over 1,200 acres of prime morel mushroom hunting ground! You can book one night and have two full days of mushroom hunting!! 10% off when you book Sun.-Thurs. Prices online already account for promotional weekday price. Reservations can be made for as low as …2023 Photo Contest. 2023 Mushroom Photo Contest Entries; Shop/Mushroom Gear and Products This is where you can add new products to your store. Books Mushroom and foraging books, cookbooks, field guides. Mesh Bags Mushroom/Foraging Mesh Bags; Morel Mushroom Carved Walking Sticks Morel …Welcome to the Morel Mushroom Reports Group! Post your observations on where the Morel season is at in your area. Share your pictures, videos and tips!...Feb 2, 2023 · 521 posts · Joined 2014. #13 · Feb 28, 2023. I’ve heard of 3 reports of people finding blacks in south central KY near Mammoth Cave National Park and south of there. A fellow picker sent this pic of black morels he found yesterday. HawkeyeMerkels, pathatt67, Jtr and 9 others. Mar 30, 2023 ... map link for 2023: https://www.thegreatmorel.com/morel-sightings/ Morel ... morelmushrooms #morelmushroomhunting ...Apr 6, 2023 · Morel Mushroom Time in Ohio April 6, 2023 April 1, 2023 | smith.3204 Edibles is a topic that I find incredibly challenging to address with clientele because proper identification of a plant or fungus can be the difference between a gourmet dinner and a grueling stomachache or worse, an untimely death. Newest Updated Member-Only 2023 Morel Progression Map as of 2/20/2023<—- (Click to view) (now a report from AL, GA and TN) Previous Public Morel … Post your Morel Mushroom finds here on the official Morel Mushroom Progression Maps, created by Chris Matherly of the Morel Mushroom Hunting Club! Feb 26, 2024 ... We found the first Morel Mushrooms that have been reported in America in 2024! Come see the early bloomers!!! It was quite the challenge!2023 Morel Sightings Gallery; 2024 Morel Sightings Gallery; Recipes and Preserve . ... Sightings – Maps; Articles and Posts; Frequently Asked Questions; False Morels;Morel Mushrooms do grow in the state of Missouri and they grow in every natural area of the state. Areas like St. Louis have been ravaged by human development and do not foster much life at all, including the prized morel. However, from the north, south, east, and west of the state, there is the potential to find Morel Mushrooms in …New updated map posted and compilation of finds photos added- Updated Member-Only Morel Progression Maps page and added the 22nd Morel Progression …Apr 18, 2023 ... In this video I find 4 separate types of Morel in one day, and describe the dangerous false morel ... June Foraging 2023 and Chanterelle ...2023 Photo Contest. 2023 Mushroom Photo Contest Entries; Shop/Mushroom Gear and Products This is where you can add new products to your store. Books Mushroom and foraging books, cookbooks, field guides. Mesh Bags Mushroom/Foraging Mesh Bags; Morel Mushroom Carved Walking Sticks Morel Mushroom Carved Walking Sticks, standard top or morel top ...Iowa Morels & Mushrooms Message Board. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community.Maps are not only practical tools for navigation but also creative outlets for expressing information in a visual and engaging way. Whether you want to create a map for personal us...Typically, Morel Mushrooms are foraged from late March to Mid-May in Oregon. The warmer spring is to comparable averages the closer to March you will forage them. The cooler the spring is to comparable averages the closer to May you will forage them. Not only that but there are numerous conditions you should look for to determine when to forage ...The 2022 map shows morel sightings across Wisconsin, including southeastern Wisconsin. That map only provides cities, however, and is based on …Our Morel temps don’t always sync up with rain. The weather in this region, like most regions is often the major concern of morel hunters. Gary W in Erie County Pennsylvania looks for the ideal temps where the ground temperatures nears the 50 degree mark, “ It has been around 2nd week in May when I have found a few morels.Published: May 9, 2023, 9:27 AM. ... The Michigan DNR has released their latest Michigan morel mushroom map - an interactive look at the best places in the state to hunt for them.Get 2023 Burn Morel Maps > This year we are rolling out several new maps to help pickers. We plan on releasing new features every week or so as we build them. Some of our maps, like the tree maps, …The emergence of morel mushrooms varies from year to year with the advance of spring weather, soil temperature and moisture. According to most mycologists, ground temperature for morels to push through the soil typically needs to be fifty degrees at four to six inches inches below the surface. This generally occurs in mid- to –late, April ...But the stats do show an increase in road shootings from 465 in 2018 to 807 in 2020 and 1,058 in 2022, per KOMO, and an increase in the number of weapons brandished. In …Current Mushroom Finds and Reports for Illinois Click to report your recent finds: JOIN Now: March 6-30th, 2023: March 5th, 2023: July 1st-15th, 2020: June 21st-30th, 2020: June 1st-20th, 2020: May 29-31st, 2020: May 24-28th, 2020: 2020 NW Illinois Fall Foray October 2-4th, 2020 Per Person – $200.00 $125.001. Morel Mushroom Maps: United States. Morels have been reported in all states, but are far less common in the hotter, drier, less temperate regions of the Southern states. Morel mushrooms grow in these US States: 2. Morel Mushroom Maps: Canada. Morels grow pretty abundantly in all Canadian provinces.March 5th, 2023: Jackson County Illinois.Guides. The Burn Maps & Resources for Morel Mushroom Hunting. March 18, 2024. 5 min. As warmer months inch closer, mushroom hunters and chefs alike get antsy in anticipation for the start of morel …Posted Wed, Apr 12, 2023 at 2:57 pm ET. Mushrooms are typically found from March to May. Morels prefer certain habitats, for example near the base of dead or dying elm trees or around ash, tulip ...Maps are important to locate important places, study and compare different locations and even predict the weather. There are many different types of maps, including floor plans, to...Feb 26, 2024 ... We found the first Morel Mushrooms that have been reported in America in 2024! Come see the early bloomers!!! It was quite the challenge!Posted Fri, Apr 28, 2023 at 2:38 pm ET. The Great Morel map shows a number of recorded sightings this year in Maryland. These meaty and flavor-packed fungi grow in secluded areas, and seasoned ...Current Mushroom Finds and Reports for Illinois Click to report your recent finds: JOIN Now: March 6-30th, 2023: March 5th, 2023: July 1st-15th, 2020: June 21st-30th, 2020: June 1st-20th, 2020: May 29-31st, 2020: May 24-28th, 2020: 2020 NW Illinois Fall Foray October 2-4th, 2020 Per Person – $200.00 $125.00Historical to date Morel Sightings – historic map compiled by The Great Morel showing confirmed reported sightings (2004-2006). US Department of Agriculture Crop Explorer – United States Department of Agriculture’s Crop Explorer web site has a very wide range of maps for weather, precipitation forecast, and soil conditions.Morels commonly appear after warm, moist spring weather with daytime temperatures in the low 70s and nighttime temperatures in the 50s. South and west facing slopes are good sites to look for morels early in the season, with north and east slopes being better for later-season morel hunting. Morels tend to favor tree species such as elms, ashes ...Get ahead of other morel hunters and discover directly the best spots in Wisconsin with our Morel Maps here! Partager l'article. Morel Hunting In Wisconsin; Previous. Morel Hunting In West Virginia. Next. Morel Hunting In Wyoming ... 8 August 2023 0. Best Trees For Hen-Of-The-Woods 8 August 2023 0. Black Trumpet Season 7 August 2023 0. Enoki ...Iowa Morels & Mushrooms Message BoardYes! Morel Mushrooms do grow in the state of West Virginia, and they grow in every natural area of the state. Areas like downtown Charleston have been ravaged by human development and do not foster much life at all, including the prized morel. However, from the north, south, east, and west of the state, there is the potential to find Morel ...Mar 23, 2023 · If you ever have any questions, just email me. [email protected]. This is the one-stop website for morel mushrooms and many other great edible wild mushrooms and plants. We will provide you with up-to-date information on the mushroom hunting seasons. We do this through our up-to-date maps that show you where people are finding the mushrooms ... Feb 12, 2023 · The 2023 version of the burn morel maps are now curated for 11 states! Curated 2022 burns for 2023 hunting: California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, South Dakota and Utah. All Burns: For Alaska. Plus: Morel probability maps. Continued access to all available maps from past years. Some morel species fruit after fires; others don't. "Burn morels," as the fire followers are called, can hunker down as sclerotia: thick, hardy masses that can survive an autumn torching. The next spring, they will fruit, sometimes en masse. Ambitious mushroom hunters plan spring morel forays using the maps of the previous fall's fires.2023 Morel Sightings Gallery; 2024 Morel Sightings Gallery; Recipes and Preserve . Classic Morel Recipes; More Morel Recipes; Preserving Your Morels; Recipe Links; Social Media Interaction ... Many of the sightings maps even allow you to expand into county view to really pin point the start of the season in your area. The sighting map can also ...Widespread Growth in Spring. Morels can be found in every one of Michigan’s 83 counties. The morel season can start as early as mid-April in South Michigan and last until mid-June in the Upper Peninsula. The weather has a huge impact on when the mushrooms grow.HARVEST PUBLIC MEDIA. Wendy Porter and her father Roger Jensen show off the morel mushrooms they found in the woods. Every spring, people scour river bottoms, searching for edible morel mushrooms ...Morel Mushroom Progression Maps 2023 Up Until March 5th, Slideshow.https://morelmushroomhunting.com/mushroom-progression-map-reports-and-finds/Join this chan...Yes! Morel Mushrooms do grow in the state of PA. Not only can Morels be found in PA, but they grow in every natural area of the state. Areas like Philly and downtown Harrisburg have been ravaged by human development and do not foster much life at all, including the prized morel. However, from the north, south, east, and west of the state, there ...This is the one-stop website for morel mushrooms and many other great edible wild mushrooms and plants. We will provide you with up-to-date information on the mushroom hunting seasons. We do this through our up-to-date maps that show you where people are finding the mushrooms that are in season. You will find information on most of the edible ...Print. More. The Great Morel sighting maps are a great resource for monitoring the progression of the morel mushroom and when one might begin their foraging adventure. …𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄𝐋 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐎𝐌𝐒𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄𝐋 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐎𝐌 𝐇𝐔𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐒How to find morel mushrooms# ...Feb 12, 2023 · The 2023 version of the burn morel maps are now curated for 11 states! Curated 2022 burns for 2023 hunting: California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, South Dakota and Utah. All Burns: For Alaska. Plus: Morel probability maps. Continued access to all available maps from past years. In today’s digital age, creating your own map online has never been easier. Whether you need a map for personal use or business purposes, there are numerous tools and platforms ava...Not only that but there are numerous conditions you should look for to determine when to forage more mushrooms in Indiana. These include: The amount of rain. The more rain, the sooner you can forage them. Temperature. Both the air temperature and soil temperature. The sooner it gets to 53 degrees Fahrenheit the sooner you’ll see …Mar 30, 2023 ... map link for 2023: https://www.thegreatmorel.com/morel-sightings/ Morel ... morelmushrooms #morelmushroomhunting ...The stewardship maps, available inside our new comprehensive map, show all US forest management activities for the last three years. This includes things like cuts and thins, controlled burns, and the creation of logging roads, power lines and trail maintenance zones. You can use layers to choose the year or turn them all on at once.Sunday, May 19, 2024: National Morel Mushroom Festival Schedule of Events. 12 - 3pm: Paint & Sip with Duncan Studios: Come make a Michigan Morel painting with help from artist Dan Duncan. Enjoy a complimentary glass of wine or beer. $60 per person, Heated Festival Tent in Veterans Memorial Park. Registration required.Black Morel: Consistent days of 61-67 may trigger fruiting. Half-Free Morel: Consistent days of 61-68 may trigger fruiting. Gray Morel: Consistent days of 58-64 may trigger fruiting. Yellow Morel: Consistent days of 71-77 may trigger fruiting. Verpas & Gyomitras (False Morels): Follow a different life cycle and may be present the duration of ...Mar 27, 2023. Morel Country General Morel Discussions. General Morel Discussions Which Are Not State Specific. 342 184K May 1, 2024. 342 184K ... A forum community dedicated to Morel mushroom hunters and enthusiasts. Come join the discussion about collections, territories, recipes, identifications, harvesting, reviews, accessories, …2023 Photo Contest. 2023 Mushroom Photo Contest Entries; Shop/Mushroom Gear and Products This is where you can add new products to your store. Books Mushroom and foraging books, cookbooks, field guides. Mesh Bags Mushroom/Foraging Mesh Bags; Morel Mushroom Carved Walking Sticks Morel Mushroom Carved Walking Sticks, …Black Morels. Gray Morels. Yellow Morels. Half-Free Morels. Reference: Mushrooms of the Northeast Field Guide. Keep in mind that not all of these morels fruit at the exact same time in New York, or elsewhere. Gray comes first, then black, half-free, and yellow. Don't go out expecting to find them all at once. 3.Feb 4, 2024 · The map’s user-generated sightings, often accompanied by helpful tips and comments, create a sense of community among foragers and a shared excitement for the Morel season. Key Features of the Morel Mushroom Map 2023. One of the standout features of the 2023 Morel Mushroom Map is its user-friendly interface, making it easy to navigate and ... Mar 23, 2023 · If you ever have any questions, just email me. [email protected]. This is the one-stop website for morel mushrooms and many other great edible wild mushrooms and plants. We will provide you with up-to-date information on the mushroom hunting seasons. We do this through our up-to-date maps that show you where people are finding the mushrooms ... Mar 1, 2023 · Not only that but there are numerous conditions you should look for to determine when to forage more mushrooms in Illinois. These include: The amount of rain. The more rain, the sooner you can forage them. Temperature. Both the air temperature and soil temperature. The sooner it gets to 53 degrees Fahrenheit the sooner you’ll see morel mushrooms. May 2, 2023 ... Me and Dan stumble onto a giant patch of morels! please like and subscribe #forage #foraging #fun #awesome #awesomevideo #forageandcook ...2023 Morel Sightings Gallery; 2024 Morel Sightings Gallery; Recipes and Preserve . ... Additional Map Links. 2017 Map 2020 Map. 2018 Map 2021 Map Historical Maps. Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps. Hello Illinois Morel Mushroom Hunters! 3-24-22 Illinois Morel Progression Map is here! We have had our First Proven Morel finds in the State turned in by Three Counties! Starting at the top right we...2023 Morel Sightings Map. As usual, the 2023 Morel season had its highs and lows. Take a gander at the map and you’ll see the successes sent in during the year. While you are here, take time and visit The Morel Store for those special occasions and gift ideas for the Shroomer in your life! There is a lot more to morels then just the maps, so ...The Morel mushroom season in 2023 for much of the USA will likely begin in late March or early April and last until early summer. When hunting for Morel mushrooms, it's important to follow proper mushroom identification and safety protocols. Only pick mushrooms that you are certain are Morels, as some mushrooms can be poisonous.Morel Mushroom Staff; Mar 22, 2023; Morel Mushroom Progression: Explained . ... However, you can use your intuition and use Twitter, our Morel Mushroom Map (not progression), and other resources like Reddit to see where Morels are popping up! Then, assume that in due time, usually 1-2 weeks they will move north by about an hour's drive …May 2, 2023 ... Me and Dan stumble onto a giant patch of morels! please like and subscribe #forage #foraging #fun #awesome #awesomevideo #forageandcook ...1:00. Morel mushroom hunting just got a whole lot easier with a new interactive map from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Michigan has more than 2,500 native mushroom species, with ...Are you looking to add a personal touch to your travel adventures or create a unique visual representation of your neighborhood? Designing your own map is a great way to showcase y...10 Most Common Mushrooms. #1. Morels Mushrooms (Morchella esculenta) Specifications: The Morel Mushroom has a yellow and brown flesh orange cap, white spores, thick white or pale cream stalks, and brown gills. This type of mushroom grows from spring to early fall in the United States.If you’re in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, or California, Salish Sea Mushrooms has a helpful burn map for the upcoming 2023 season, along with last year’s map from 2022. Additionally, the site has a map that provides additional information from the state parks or national forests in case a permit is needed to go morel mushroom hunting.Idaho seems to be a perennial hot-spot for burn morels. 2022 is no different with 10 “A” rated fires across 100,000 acres. Wyoming only has 1 “A” rated fires this year totaling 7500 acres. New Mexico has 2 “A” rated fires this year. Utah has 1 “A” rated fire this year. Montana is on the map big time with 11 “A” rated fires ...Our Morel temps don’t always sync up with rain. The weather in this region, like most regions is often the major concern of morel hunters. Gary W in Erie County Pennsylvania looks for the ideal temps where the ground temperatures nears the 50 degree mark, “ It has been around 2nd week in May when I have found a few morels.
Feb 22, 2023 ... ... morel mushroom mycelium loves them! See the links below for a 2023 morel mushroom progression map & 2023 morel festivals/hunts. My favorite .... Publix greenacres
May 29, 2020 · Current Mushroom Finds and Reports for Ohio Click to report your recent finds: JOIN Now: March 1-30th, 2023: July 1st-15th, 2020: June 21st-30th, 2020: June 1st-20th, 2020: May 29-31st, 2020: May 24-28th, 2020: 2020 Ohio Fall Foray October 9-11th, 2020 Per Person – $200.00 $125.00 Posted Wed, Apr 12, 2023 at 2:57 pm ET. Mushrooms are typically found from March to May. Morels prefer certain habitats, for example near the base of dead or dying elm trees or around ash, tulip ...Yes! Morel Mushrooms do grow in the state of PA. Not only can Morels be found in PA, but they grow in every natural area of the state. Areas like Philly and downtown Harrisburg have been ravaged by human development and do not foster much life at all, including the prized morel. However, from the north, south, east, and west of the state, there ...Feb 26, 2024 ... We found the first Morel Mushrooms that have been reported in America in 2024! Come see the early bloomers!!! It was quite the challenge!Bring a map, compas, or GPS unit to avoid getting lost off-trail. Wear sturdy and comfortable footwear during the search. Don’t rake or drive a vehicle through the area as forest floors are ...The 2022 map shows morel sightings across Wisconsin, including southeastern Wisconsin. That map only provides cities, however, and is based on …Morel mushroom season looms in Iowa: tips on finding this dining delicacy. Tom Giese. // April 10, 2023. With recent rains and warm temperatures, the forecast offers the perfect recipe to grow — and find — morel mushrooms in many parts of Iowa this spring. (Photo courtesy of Tom Giese) The countdown has begun as hunters eagerly …May 6, 2023 ... Morel progression map link for 2023: https://www.thegreatmorel.com/morel-s... Morel hunting is not enough for you? Check out my Summer and ...Some morel species fruit after fires; others don't. "Burn morels," as the fire followers are called, can hunker down as sclerotia: thick, hardy masses that can survive an autumn torching. The next spring, they will fruit, sometimes en masse. Ambitious mushroom hunters plan spring morel forays using the maps of the previous fall's fires.An unusual amount of solar flare activity means that the aurora borealis, or the northern lights, could continue to appear over the weekend. The solar storm was a level …Iowa Morels & Mushrooms Message Board. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community.Early Morels in SWVA. Readers in the area are reporting early morel sightings in 2024, with confirmed discoveries in portions of Southwest Virginia. The Great Morel Map charts morel finds across the country with photographs and timestamps. Find the map here. There are 18 morel species found in the United States, with black morels …Morel Mushrooms do grow in the state of Missouri and they grow in every natural area of the state. Areas like St. Louis have been ravaged by human development and do not foster much life at all, including the prized morel. However, from the north, south, east, and west of the state, there is the potential to find Morel Mushrooms in …This Digital Drawings & Illustrations item by ARTsteady has 29 favorites from Etsy shoppers. Ships from United States. Listed on Apr 19, 2024.The 2019 Morel season has slipped by… The first sighting of the season was reported in mid January with what some might refer to as a “landscape morel” – it goes without saying – the 2019 map at that point was officially open for business! ... 2017 Map 2020 Map 2023 Map. 2018 Map 2021 Map Historical Maps. 2019 Map 2022 Map Current ...Morels commonly appear after warm, moist spring weather with daytime temperatures in the low 70s and nighttime temperatures in the 50s. South and west facing slopes are good sites to look for morels early in the season, with north and east slopes being better for later-season morel hunting. Morels tend to favor tree species such as elms, ashes ...Posted Fri, Apr 14, 2023 at 11:08 am ET. The Great Morel Map shows the mushroom has been spotted in Atlantic County earlier in April. These meaty and flavor-packed fungi grow in secluded areas ....